Lesson 2:  Sentence Fragments

Phrases are groups of words that do not have a subject, a verb, or both.  When phrases are punctuated like a sentence, they become sentence fragments.

Example of a sentence fragment:

NBC is broadcasting the debates.  With discussions afterward.
 

How does one know if a group of words is a fragment?

Use the following test:

A group of words must meet three criteria to form a complete sentence.

1.  A sentence must have a subject.

2.  A sentence must have a verb, not just a verbal.  A verbal cannot function as a sentence's verb without
     an auxiliary verb.
        Verb    The terrier is barking.
        Verbal  The terrier barking

3.  Unless it is a question, a sentence must have at least one clause that does not begin with a
    subordinating word.  The following are some common subordinating words:

    although                                 if                                 when
    as                                          since                            where
    because                                  that                              whether
    before                                    though                          who
    how                                       unless                           why
 

How does one correct a fragment?

Attach the fragment to an independent clause or make the fragment a separate sentence by adding the needed subject or verb or both.

Fragment:        One of our nation's most cherished ideals, may be in danger.  The ideal of a good
                       education for any child.

Revised:           One of our nation's most cherished ideals, the ideal of a good education for every child,
                       may be in danger.

Fragment:         Vivian stayed out of school for three months after Linda was born.  To recuperate
                        and to take care of her.

Revised:            Vivian stayed out of school for three months after Linda was born.  She did so to
                         recuperate and to take care of her.